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The Great Wall of China is an iconic and extensive fortification system that spans the northern part of China.
Moreover, the total length of the walls and trenches spans 13,170.70 mi across diverse terrains, including mountains, deserts, and plateaus.
Construction began in the 7th century BC, and continued through various dynasties; however, the most renowned sections were erected during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644 AD).
Its primary purpose was defense, acting as a formidable barrier against invading forces, particularly from the north, such as the Mongols and Xiongnu.
Strategically lining China’s northern borders, the wall served as vital defense for states and dynasties, constituting a series of interconnected walls, watchtowers, and fortifications.
It traverses nine provinces and regions, including Liaoning, Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Ningxia, and Gansu.
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Statistics and Distribution of the Great Wall
In 2012, China’s Cultural Heritage Administration determined that remaining sites include 10,051 sections, 1,764 trenches, 29,510 buildings, and 2,211 fortifications.
Utilizing advanced technologies, the study found that the Ming Great Wall measures 5,500 mi, encompassing 3,889 mi of wall sections, 223 mi of trenches, and 1,387 mi of natural defensive barriers.
Additionally, the combined length of Qin, Han, and earlier Great Wall sites is 1,914 mi.
Moving forward, Jin dynasty border fortifications stretch 2,492 mi, and the remaining sections date back to Northern Wei, Northern Qi, Sui, Tang, the Five Dynasties, Song, Liao, and Xixia.
Notably, about half of this site is located in Inner Mongolia, constituting 31%, and Hebei, with 19% of the total distribution.
Manpower and Construction Techniques
The construction of the Great Wall involved a combination of manpower, advanced engineering, and strategic planning.
Subsequently, various regions conscripted workers to build the wall, utilizing various materials, including earth, wood, bricks, and stone.
Authorities strategically placed watchtowers and garrison stations along the wall, providing essential points of defense and communication.
Notable Sections of the Great Wall
The historical significance and architectural grandeur of this popular site, known as the Great Barrier, have renowned several sections.
Notably, the Badaling section, near Beijing, is one of the most visited and well-preserved parts of the wall.
Meanwhile, Jiayuguan Pass in the west and Shanhaiguan Pass in the east mark the extremes of the Ming Dynasty’s influence on the wall.
Symbol of Chinese Civilization
Beyond its military function, the Great Wall holds immense cultural importance for the Chinese people, symbolizing strength and unity.
Furthermore, literature and art endure this site as a cultural icon, and popular culture frequently references it.
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Visible from Space
The notion that this iconic fortification is visible from space is a common misconception.
However, astronauts have mentioned that it’s challenging to see the wall with the naked eye from low Earth orbit due to its narrow width and coloration blending with the natural terrain.
Despite this, the idea of visibility from space likely originated from the fact that some other structures, like cities, are observable.